*, *::before, *::after { 
  box-sizing: border-box; 
  margin: 0; 
  padding: 0; 
}

:root {
  /* Light Cream Theme Base */
  --bg-color: #f7f6f2;
  
  /* Apple Liquid Glass Variables */
  --glass-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45);
  --glass-border-light: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  --glass-border-dark: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  --glass-shadow: 0 8px 32px 0 rgba(31, 38, 135, 0.08);
  --glass-highlight: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), inset 0 -1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
  
  /* Classy Gold/Bronze Accent */
  --accent: #9a7b4f; 
  --accent-lt: #b59463;
  --accent-glow: rgba(154, 123, 79, 0.15);
  
  /* Text */
  --text: #2d3748; 
  --muted: #718096;
}

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.75;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  position: relative;
}

/* ── AMBIENT BACKGROUND ORBS ── */
.bg-orb {
  position: fixed; /* Fixed so they stay behind content on scrolling pages */
  border-radius: 50%;
  filter: blur(80px);
  z-index: -1;
  opacity: 0.6;
  animation: float 20s infinite ease-in-out alternate;
}
.orb-1 { width: 500px; height: 500px; background: #e2d9c8; top: -100px; left: -100px; }
.orb-2 { width: 600px; height: 600px; background: #e6e8f0; top: 40%; right: -200px; animation-delay: -5s; }
.orb-3 { width: 400px; height: 400px; background: #dcd3bd; bottom: -10%; left: 10%; animation-delay: -10s; }

@keyframes float {
  0% { transform: translate(0, 0) scale(1); }
  100% { transform: translate(30px, 50px) scale(1.1); }
}

/* ── GLASS UTILITIES ── */
.glass-panel {
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  backdrop-filter: blur(24px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--glass-border-dark);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--glass-border-dark);
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow), var(--glass-highlight);
  border-radius: 24px;
  padding: 3rem;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}
.glass-panel:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 12px 40px 0 rgba(31, 38, 135, 0.12), var(--glass-highlight);
}
.p-small { padding: 1.5rem; }

/* ── NAV ── */
.glass-nav {
  position: fixed; top: 1rem; left: 5vw; right: 5vw; z-index: 100;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 0 2rem; height: 70px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(180%);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05), var(--glass-highlight);
  border-radius: 100px;
}
.nav-logo {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text); text-decoration: none; letter-spacing: .04em;
}
.nav-links { display: flex; gap: 2rem; list-style: none; }
.nav-links a {
  text-decoration: none; color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; transition: color .25s;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem; border-radius: 50px;
}
.nav-links a:hover, .nav-links a.active { 
  color: var(--text); background: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,1), 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}
.nav-hamburger { display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; cursor: pointer; padding: 4px; }
.nav-hamburger span { width: 24px; height: 2px; background: var(--text); border-radius: 2px; transition: .3s; }

@media(max-width:768px) {
  .glass-nav { border-radius: 24px; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; padding: 0 5vw; }
  .nav-hamburger { display: flex; }
  .nav-links {
    display: none; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem;
    position: absolute; top: 80px; left: 5vw; right: 5vw;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75); backdrop-filter: blur(24px);
    border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light); border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 1.5rem; box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
  }
  .nav-links.open { display: flex; }
}

/* ── LAYOUTS & HEADERS ── */
main { padding-top: 100px; }
.page-content { padding: 4rem 8vw 6rem; }

/* Subpage Headers */
.page-header-split {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; align-items: center; gap: 3rem;
  padding: 2rem 8vw 4rem;
}
.header-text-block .page-eyebrow {
  font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace; font-size: .78rem; color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; font-weight: 600;
}
.header-text-block h1 {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: .5rem; color: #1a202c;
}
.header-text-block h1 em { font-style: italic; color: var(--accent); }
.header-text-block p { font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--text); opacity: .9; margin-top: 1rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.header-image-block img {
  width: 100%; max-width: 450px; aspect-ratio: 4/3; object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 16px; margin: 0 auto; display: block;
}

/* Home Page Hero */
.hero {
  min-height: calc(100vh - 100px);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 3rem;
  padding: 2rem 8vw 5rem;
}
.hero-eyebrow {
  font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace; font-size: .78rem; color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: .2em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; font-weight: 600;
}
.hero h1 {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 5vw, 4.2rem);
  font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: .5rem; color: #1a202c;
}
.hero h1 em { font-style: italic; color: var(--accent); }
.hero-subtitle { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: .5rem; font-weight: 500; }
.hero-tagline {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--accent); margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.hero-intro { font-size: .95rem; color: var(--text); opacity: .9; max-width: 520px; margin-bottom: 2.5rem; line-height: 1.8; }
.hero-intro strong { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; }
.hero-image { display: flex; justify-content: center; position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.hero-image img { width: 100%; max-width: 398px; aspect-ratio: 3/4; object-fit: contain; border-radius: 16px; transition: transform 0.5s ease; }

@media(max-width:900px) {
  .page-header-split { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; }
  .header-image-block { order: -1; }
  .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; }
  .hero-image { order: -1; }
  .hero-image img { max-width: 320px; }
  .hero-intro { margin: 0 auto 2.5rem; }
}

/* ── TYPOGRAPHY ── */
.section-marker {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .8rem;
  font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace; font-size: .72rem; color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: .22em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 2rem; font-weight: 600;
}
.section-marker::before { content: ''; width: 32px; height: 1px; background: var(--accent); opacity: .5; }

/* ── BUTTONS ── */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem;
  padding: .8rem 2rem; border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light);
  color: var(--text); text-decoration: none; font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; border-radius: 100px; 
  transition: all .3s ease; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.05), inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
}
.btn:hover { 
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.8); transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.08), inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,1);
}
.btn-solid { background: var(--text); color: #ffffff; border-color: transparent; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(45, 55, 72, 0.2); }
.btn-solid:hover { background: var(--accent); color: #ffffff; }

.glass-button {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .6rem;
  padding: 0.8rem 1.5rem; border-radius: 100px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light);
  color: var(--text); font-size: .95rem; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600;
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.8), 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
  transition: all .3s ease; cursor: pointer;
}
.glass-button:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,1), 0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
}
.glass-button svg { color: var(--accent); }

/* ── HOME PAGE ABOUT SECTION ── */
.section { padding: 4rem 8vw 6rem; }
.section-header { margin-bottom: 3rem; text-align: center; display: inline-block; width: 100%;}
.section-label { font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace; font-size: .72rem; color: var(--accent); letter-spacing: .25em; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.section-title { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 2.8rem); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; color: #1a202c; }

.about-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.2fr; gap: 3rem; align-items: start; }
@media(max-width:900px) { .about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.sidebar-wrapper { position: sticky; top: 100px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2rem; }
.about-meta h3 { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.degree-item { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.06); }
.degree-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.degree-title { font-weight: 700; font-size: .95rem; margin-bottom: .2rem; }
.degree-school { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 500;}

.research-interests-text { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.85; }
.research-interests-text p + p { margin-top: 1.2rem; }

.tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .6rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
.tag {
  padding: .5rem 1.2rem; border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light); border-radius: 100px;
  font-size: .78rem; color: var(--text); font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.8), 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);
  transition: all .3s ease; font-weight: 600;
}
.tag:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,1), 0 6px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

/* ── IS PAGE COMPONENTS ── */
.article-wrap { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr; gap: 4rem; align-items: start; }
@media(max-width:900px) { .article-wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.toc { position: sticky; top: 100px; }
.toc h4 {
  font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace; font-size: .75rem; color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}
.toc ul { list-style: none; }
.toc ul li + li { margin-top: .8rem; }
.toc ul a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 500; transition: color .2s; }
.toc ul a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.article-body h2 {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2; margin: 3rem 0 1rem; color: #1a202c;
}
.article-body p { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--text); opacity: .9; line-height: 1.88; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }
.triad-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; margin: 2rem 0; }
@media(max-width:700px) { .triad-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.triad-card h4 { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--accent); margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.pull-quote {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent); padding: 1.5rem 2rem;
  background: rgba(154, 123, 79, 0.05); margin: 2.5rem 0; border-radius: 0 16px 16px 0;
}
.pull-quote p { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-style: italic; font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--accent); margin: 0; }
.questions-list { margin: 1rem 0 1.5rem; padding-left: 0; list-style: none; }
.questions-list li { display: flex; gap: .75rem; padding: .75rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05); font-weight: 500;}

/* ── RESEARCH PAGE COMPONENTS ── */
.pub-grid { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 5rem; }
.pub-card-meta { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .8rem; margin-bottom: .8rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.pub-badge {
  font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace; font-size: .68rem; letter-spacing: .12em;
  padding: .3rem .8rem; border-radius: 100px; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 600;
}
.badge-journal { background: rgba(154, 123, 79, 0.1); color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid rgba(154, 123, 79, 0.3); }
.badge-conference { background: rgba(80,140,200,.1); color: #4a7aa8; border: 1px solid rgba(80,140,200,.25); }
.badge-dissertation { background: rgba(200,100,140,.1); color: #a84a75; border: 1px solid rgba(200,100,140,.2); }
.pub-card h3 { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: .5rem; color: #1a202c; }
.pub-authors { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 1rem; font-style: italic; }
.pub-abstract { font-size: .95rem; line-height: 1.8; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height .4s; }
.pub-abstract.expanded { display: block; }
.pres-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 5rem; }
@media(max-width:768px) { .pres-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.pres-card h4 { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: .5rem; color: #1a202c; }

/* ── SERVICES PAGE COMPONENTS ── */
.services-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); gap: 2rem; }
.service-col-header { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05); }
.service-icon {
  width: 45px; height: 45px; border-radius: 12px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
}
.service-icon svg { color: var(--accent); }
.service-item { display: flex; gap: .85rem; padding: .8rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05); }
.service-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.service-item::before { content: ''; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--accent); margin-top: .62rem; }

/* ── TEACHING PAGE COMPONENTS ── */
.institution { margin-bottom: 5rem; }
.institution-header { display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.institution-number { font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace; font-size: 2.5rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--accent); opacity: .4; line-height: 1; }
.institution-info h2 { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: .3rem; color: #1a202c;}
.courses-grid { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.2rem; }
.course-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; }
.course-code { font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace; font-size: .8rem; color: var(--accent); background: rgba(255,255,255,0.6); padding: .3rem .8rem; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 600; }
.course-name { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 600; color: #1a202c; }
.course-toggle { color: var(--accent); transition: transform .3s; }
.course-card.open .course-toggle { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.course-body { max-height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height .45s ease; padding: 0 1.8rem; }
.course-card.open .course-body { max-height: 500px; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
.course-rating {
  display: inline-block; margin-top: 1rem; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light); border-radius: 6px; padding: .4rem 1rem;
  font-family: 'DM Mono', monospace; font-size: .8rem; color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600;
}
.course-list-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(300px, 1fr)); gap: 1rem; }

/* ── CONTACT STRIP & FOOTER ── */
.contact-strip {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 2rem; margin: 0 8vw 6rem;
}
.contact-strip h3 { font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700; color: #1a202c; margin-bottom: .4rem; }
.contact-items { display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.social-links { display: flex; gap: 1rem; }
.social-link { width: 45px; height: 45px; padding: 0; justify-content: center; }

.glass-footer {
  margin: 0 2vw 2vw; border-radius: 24px; background: var(--glass-bg); backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border-light); padding: 2rem 4rem;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
}
.glass-footer p { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 500; }

/* ── ANIMATIONS ── */
.fade-in { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); transition: opacity .6s ease, transform .6s ease; }
.fade-in.visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
@keyframes fadeUp { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(28px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); } }